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Radius of convergence practice problems

Where a power series converges, found with the ratio test. 70 problems with worked solutions; in 70 of them every equation is proved by a computer algebra system.

15 worked problems

Try each one before opening the solution. Every line is labeled with what checked it. How we verify

Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{3^{- n} \left(x - 1\right)^{n}}{n} \).
  1. Use the ratio test on the absolute values of the terms.
    Reviewed
  2. \[ \lim_{n \to \infty}\left(\frac{3^{n} 3^{- n - 1} n \left(x - 1\right)^{- n} \left(x - 1\right)^{n + 1}}{\left(n + 1\right) \left(x - 1\right)}\right) = \frac{1}{3} \]
    |a_(n+1)/a_n| → 1/3·|x − 1|.✓ Proved
  3. The series converges when 1/3|x − 1| < 1, that is |x − 1| < 3.
    Reviewed
Answer \( R = 3 \)

✓ Nihil obstat Lines: 1 proved, 2 reviewed. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. Reviewers found nothing wrong with the explanation. The full receipt · How we verify

Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{\left(x - 2\right)^{n}}{n} \).
  1. Use the ratio test on the absolute values of the terms.
    Reviewed
  2. \[ \lim_{n \to \infty}\left(\frac{n \left(x - 2\right)^{- n} \left(x - 2\right)^{n + 1}}{\left(n + 1\right) \left(x - 2\right)}\right) = 1 \]
    |a_(n+1)/a_n| → 1·|x − 2|.✓ Proved
  3. The series converges when 1|x − 2| < 1, that is |x − 2| < 1.
    Reviewed
Answer \( R = 1 \)

✓ Nihil obstat Lines: 1 proved, 2 reviewed. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. Reviewers found nothing wrong with the explanation. The full receipt · How we verify

Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 5^{- n} \left(x + 3\right)^{n} \).
  1. Use the ratio test on the absolute values of the terms.
    Reviewed
  2. \[ \lim_{n \to \infty}\left(\frac{5^{n} 5^{- n - 1} \left(x + 3\right)^{- n} \left(x + 3\right)^{n + 1}}{x + 3}\right) = \frac{1}{5} \]
    |a_(n+1)/a_n| → 1/5·|x − -3|.✓ Proved
  3. The series converges when 1/5|x − -3| < 1, that is |x − -3| < 5.
    Reviewed
Answer \( R = 5 \)

✓ Nihil obstat Lines: 1 proved, 2 reviewed. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. Reviewers found nothing wrong with the explanation. The full receipt · How we verify

Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{3^{- n} \left(x - 2\right)^{n}}{n^{2}} \).
  1. Use the ratio test on the absolute values of the terms.
    Reviewed
  2. \[ \lim_{n \to \infty}\left(\frac{3^{n} 3^{- n - 1} n^{2} \left(x - 2\right)^{- n} \left(x - 2\right)^{n + 1}}{\left(n + 1\right)^{2} \left(x - 2\right)}\right) = \frac{1}{3} \]
    |a_(n+1)/a_n| → 1/3·|x − 2|.✓ Proved
  3. The series converges when 1/3|x − 2| < 1, that is |x − 2| < 3.
    Reviewed
Answer \( R = 3 \)

✓ Nihil obstat Lines: 1 proved, 2 reviewed. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. Reviewers found nothing wrong with the explanation. The full receipt · How we verify

Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{\left(x - 3\right)^{n}}{n^{2}} \).
  1. Use the ratio test on the absolute values of the terms.
    Reviewed
  2. \[ \lim_{n \to \infty}\left(\frac{n^{2} \left(x - 3\right)^{- n} \left(x - 3\right)^{n + 1}}{\left(n + 1\right)^{2} \left(x - 3\right)}\right) = 1 \]
    |a_(n+1)/a_n| → 1·|x − 3|.✓ Proved
  3. The series converges when 1|x − 3| < 1, that is |x − 3| < 1.
    Reviewed
Answer \( R = 1 \)

✓ Nihil obstat Lines: 1 proved, 2 reviewed. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. Reviewers found nothing wrong with the explanation. The full receipt · How we verify

Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 5^{- n} \left(x - 3\right)^{n} \).
  1. Use the ratio test on the absolute values of the terms.
    Reviewed
  2. \[ \lim_{n \to \infty}\left(\frac{5^{n} 5^{- n - 1} \left(x - 3\right)^{- n} \left(x - 3\right)^{n + 1}}{x - 3}\right) = \frac{1}{5} \]
    |a_(n+1)/a_n| → 1/5·|x − 3|.✓ Proved
  3. The series converges when 1/5|x − 3| < 1, that is |x − 3| < 5.
    Reviewed
Answer \( R = 5 \)

✓ Nihil obstat Lines: 1 proved, 2 reviewed. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. Reviewers found nothing wrong with the explanation. The full receipt · How we verify

Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{4^{- n} x^{n}}{n^{2}} \).
  1. Use the ratio test on the absolute values of the terms.
    Reviewed
  2. \[ \lim_{n \to \infty}\left(\frac{4^{n} 4^{- n - 1} n^{2} x^{- n} x^{n + 1}}{x \left(n + 1\right)^{2}}\right) = \frac{1}{4} \]
    |a_(n+1)/a_n| → 1/4·|x − 0|.✓ Proved
  3. The series converges when 1/4|x − 0| < 1, that is |x − 0| < 4.
    Reviewed
Answer \( R = 4 \)

✓ Nihil obstat Lines: 1 proved, 2 reviewed. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. Reviewers found nothing wrong with the explanation. The full receipt · How we verify

Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{5^{- n} \left(x + 3\right)^{n}}{n} \).
  1. Use the ratio test on the absolute values of the terms.
    Reviewed
  2. \[ \lim_{n \to \infty}\left(\frac{5^{n} 5^{- n - 1} n \left(x + 3\right)^{- n} \left(x + 3\right)^{n + 1}}{\left(n + 1\right) \left(x + 3\right)}\right) = \frac{1}{5} \]
    |a_(n+1)/a_n| → 1/5·|x − -3|.✓ Proved
  3. The series converges when 1/5|x − -3| < 1, that is |x − -3| < 5.
    Reviewed
Answer \( R = 5 \)

✓ Nihil obstat Lines: 1 proved, 2 reviewed. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. Reviewers found nothing wrong with the explanation. The full receipt · How we verify

Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{4^{- n} x^{n}}{n} \).
  1. Use the ratio test on the absolute values of the terms.
    Reviewed
  2. \[ \lim_{n \to \infty}\left(\frac{4^{n} 4^{- n - 1} n x^{- n} x^{n + 1}}{x \left(n + 1\right)}\right) = \frac{1}{4} \]
    |a_(n+1)/a_n| → 1/4·|x − 0|.✓ Proved
  3. The series converges when 1/4|x − 0| < 1, that is |x − 0| < 4.
    Reviewed
Answer \( R = 4 \)

✓ Nihil obstat Lines: 1 proved, 2 reviewed. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. Reviewers found nothing wrong with the explanation. The full receipt · How we verify

Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 5^{- n} x^{n} \).
  1. Use the ratio test on the absolute values of the terms.
    Reviewed
  2. \[ \lim_{n \to \infty}\left(\frac{5^{n} 5^{- n - 1} x^{- n} x^{n + 1}}{x}\right) = \frac{1}{5} \]
    |a_(n+1)/a_n| → 1/5·|x − 0|.✓ Proved
  3. The series converges when 1/5|x − 0| < 1, that is |x − 0| < 5.
    Reviewed
Answer \( R = 5 \)

✓ Nihil obstat Lines: 1 proved, 2 reviewed. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. Reviewers found nothing wrong with the explanation. The full receipt · How we verify

Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \left(x - 2\right)^{n} \).
  1. Use the ratio test on the absolute values of the terms.
    Reviewed
  2. \[ \lim_{n \to \infty}\left(\frac{\left(x - 2\right)^{- n} \left(x - 2\right)^{n + 1}}{x - 2}\right) = 1 \]
    |a_(n+1)/a_n| → 1·|x − 2|.✓ Proved
  3. The series converges when 1|x − 2| < 1, that is |x − 2| < 1.
    Reviewed
Answer \( R = 1 \)

✓ Nihil obstat Lines: 1 proved, 2 reviewed. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. Reviewers found nothing wrong with the explanation. The full receipt · How we verify

Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{4^{- n} \left(x + 2\right)^{n}}{n^{2}} \).
  1. Use the ratio test on the absolute values of the terms.
    Reviewed
  2. \[ \lim_{n \to \infty}\left(\frac{4^{n} 4^{- n - 1} n^{2} \left(x + 2\right)^{- n} \left(x + 2\right)^{n + 1}}{\left(n + 1\right)^{2} \left(x + 2\right)}\right) = \frac{1}{4} \]
    |a_(n+1)/a_n| → 1/4·|x − -2|.✓ Proved
  3. The series converges when 1/4|x − -2| < 1, that is |x − -2| < 4.
    Reviewed
Answer \( R = 4 \)

✓ Nihil obstat Lines: 1 proved, 2 reviewed. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. Reviewers found nothing wrong with the explanation. The full receipt · How we verify

Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{\left(x + 2\right)^{n}}{n^{2}} \).
  1. Use the ratio test on the absolute values of the terms.
    Reviewed
  2. \[ \lim_{n \to \infty}\left(\frac{n^{2} \left(x + 2\right)^{- n} \left(x + 2\right)^{n + 1}}{\left(n + 1\right)^{2} \left(x + 2\right)}\right) = 1 \]
    |a_(n+1)/a_n| → 1·|x − -2|.✓ Proved
  3. The series converges when 1|x − -2| < 1, that is |x − -2| < 1.
    Reviewed
Answer \( R = 1 \)

✓ Nihil obstat Lines: 1 proved, 2 reviewed. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. Reviewers found nothing wrong with the explanation. The full receipt · How we verify

Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{\left(x + 1\right)^{n}}{n} \).
  1. Use the ratio test on the absolute values of the terms.
    Reviewed
  2. \[ \lim_{n \to \infty}\left(\frac{n \left(x + 1\right)^{- n} \left(x + 1\right)^{n + 1}}{\left(n + 1\right) \left(x + 1\right)}\right) = 1 \]
    |a_(n+1)/a_n| → 1·|x − -1|.✓ Proved
  3. The series converges when 1|x − -1| < 1, that is |x − -1| < 1.
    Reviewed
Answer \( R = 1 \)

✓ Nihil obstat Lines: 1 proved, 2 reviewed. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. Reviewers found nothing wrong with the explanation. The full receipt · How we verify

Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{x^{n}}{n^{2}} \).
  1. Use the ratio test on the absolute values of the terms.
    Reviewed
  2. \[ \lim_{n \to \infty}\left(\frac{n^{2} x^{- n} x^{n + 1}}{x \left(n + 1\right)^{2}}\right) = 1 \]
    |a_(n+1)/a_n| → 1·|x − 0|.✓ Proved
  3. The series converges when 1|x − 0| < 1, that is |x − 0| < 1.
    Reviewed
Answer \( R = 1 \)

✓ Nihil obstat Lines: 1 proved, 2 reviewed. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. Reviewers found nothing wrong with the explanation. The full receipt · How we verify

More radius of convergence practice

Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 5^{- n} \left(x + 1\right)^{n} \).
Problem 7.50easy✓ Every equation proved
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{\left(x - 3\right)^{n}}{n!} \).
Problem 7.51easy✓ Every equation proved
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{\left(x + 1\right)^{n}}{n!} \).
Problem 7.52easy✓ Every equation proved
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{x^{n}}{n!} \).
Problem 7.53easy✓ Every equation proved
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{\left(x - 2\right)^{n}}{n^{2}} \).
Problem 7.55easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{4^{- n} \left(x - 1\right)^{n}}{n} \).
Problem 7.58easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{2^{- n} x^{n}}{n^{2}} \).
Problem 7.59easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{\left(x + 3\right)^{n}}{n!} \).
Problem 7.60easy✓ Every equation proved
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 3^{- n} \left(x + 3\right)^{n} \).
Problem 7.106easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{2^{- n} \left(x - 1\right)^{n}}{n^{2}} \).
Problem 7.108easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{\left(x + 2\right)^{n}}{n!} \).
Problem 7.109easy✓ Every equation proved
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 2^{- n} \left(x - 3\right)^{n} \).
Problem 7.110easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{\left(x - 1\right)^{n}}{n!} \).
Problem 7.111easy✓ Every equation proved
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{5^{- n} \left(x - 2\right)^{n}}{n} \).
Problem 7.113easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \left(x - 3\right)^{n} \).
Problem 7.114easy✓ Every equation proved
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 3^{- n} \left(x + 2\right)^{n} \).
Problem 7.115easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 4^{- n} \left(x + 1\right)^{n} \).
Problem 7.116easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{4^{- n} \left(x + 3\right)^{n}}{n} \).
Problem 7.118easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{\left(x - 2\right)^{n}}{n!} \).
Problem 7.119easy✓ Every equation proved
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{3^{- n} \left(x + 3\right)^{n}}{n} \).
Problem 7.139easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{4^{- n} \left(x + 1\right)^{n}}{n} \).
Problem 7.140easy✓ Every equation proved
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 4^{- n} x^{n} \).
Problem 7.141easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{5^{- n} \left(x + 1\right)^{n}}{n} \).
Problem 7.142easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{2^{- n} \left(x - 3\right)^{n}}{n} \).
Problem 7.143easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 2^{- n} \left(x + 2\right)^{n} \).
Problem 7.145easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{2^{- n} \left(x + 2\right)^{n}}{n^{2}} \).
Problem 7.146easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 2^{- n} \left(x - 1\right)^{n} \).
Problem 7.164easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 3^{- n} x^{n} \).
Problem 7.165easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 5^{- n} \left(x - 1\right)^{n} \).
Problem 7.166easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 2^{- n} \left(x + 3\right)^{n} \).
Problem 7.167easy✓ Every equation proved
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 2^{- n} \left(x + 1\right)^{n} \).
Problem 7.168easy✓ Every equation proved
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{5^{- n} \left(x - 3\right)^{n}}{n} \).
Problem 7.169easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{2^{- n} \left(x + 2\right)^{n}}{n} \).
Problem 7.170easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{3^{- n} \left(x + 3\right)^{n}}{n^{2}} \).
Problem 7.187easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 3^{- n} \left(x - 2\right)^{n} \).
Problem 7.188easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 3^{- n} \left(x - 3\right)^{n} \).
Problem 7.189easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 2^{- n} \left(x - 2\right)^{n} \).
Problem 7.190easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{2^{- n} \left(x - 2\right)^{n}}{n^{2}} \).
Problem 7.191easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 4^{- n} \left(x + 3\right)^{n} \).
Problem 7.192easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 4^{- n} \left(x + 2\right)^{n} \).
Problem 7.193easy✓ Every equation proved
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{\left(x - 3\right)^{n}}{n} \).
Problem 7.194easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 4^{- n} \left(x - 3\right)^{n} \).
Problem 7.209easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{4^{- n} \left(x - 1\right)^{n}}{n^{2}} \).
Problem 7.210easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \left(x + 2\right)^{n} \).
Problem 7.211easy✓ Every equation proved
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{5^{- n} \left(x + 3\right)^{n}}{n^{2}} \).
Problem 7.213easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} x^{n} \).
Problem 7.214easy✓ Every equation proved
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{5^{- n} \left(x - 1\right)^{n}}{n} \).
Problem 7.215easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} 4^{- n} \left(x - 2\right)^{n} \).
Problem 7.216easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{3^{- n} \left(x + 2\right)^{n}}{n^{2}} \).
Problem 7.231easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{3^{- n} \left(x + 1\right)^{n}}{n^{2}} \).
Problem 7.232easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{2^{- n} \left(x + 3\right)^{n}}{n} \).
Problem 7.234easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{2^{- n} \left(x - 2\right)^{n}}{n} \).
Problem 7.235easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{3^{- n} \left(x - 3\right)^{n}}{n} \).
Problem 7.236easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{\left(x - 1\right)^{n}}{n^{2}} \).
Problem 7.237easy✓ Nihil obstat
Find the radius of convergence of \( \displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{2^{- n} \left(x + 1\right)^{n}}{n^{2}} \).
Problem 7.238easy✓ Nihil obstat