Limit of \( \displaystyle \frac{\sin{\left(12 x + 4 \right)}}{9 x + 3} \) as \( x \to - \frac{1}{3} \)
Problem 1.87 · medium
Evaluate \( \displaystyle \lim_{x \to - \frac{1}{3}} \frac{\sin{\left(12 x + 4 \right)}}{3 \left(3 x + 1\right)} \).
- \[ \lim_{x \to - \frac{1}{3}^+}\left(\frac{\sin{\left(12 x + 4 \right)}}{9 x + 3}\right) \]limit algebraStart with the original limit expression. Distribute the 3 in the denominator.✓ Proved
- \[ = \lim_{x \to - \frac{1}{3}^+}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{d x} \sin{\left(12 x + 4 \right)}}{\frac{d}{d x} \left(9 x + 3\right)}\right) \]lhopitalThe limit is an indeterminate form 0/0, so apply L'Hopital's rule.✓ Proved
- \[ = \lim_{x \to - \frac{1}{3}^+}\left(\frac{4 \cos{\left(12 x + 4 \right)}}{3}\right) \]simplifyCompute the derivatives of the numerator and denominator.✓ Proved
- \[ = \frac{4}{3} \]limit simplify simplifyEvaluate the limit by substituting x = -1/3. Simplify the fraction and the argument of the cosine. Since cos(0) = 1, the final value is 4/3.✓ Proved
Answer \( \frac{4}{3} \)
✓ Nihil obstat Every line of this solution was proved by the computer algebra system SymPy. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. Reviewers found nothing wrong with the explanation.
The full receipt
| Line | Status | Checked by | Detail |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | line 1 is the problem as stated |
| 2 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 undefined where 9*x + 3 = 0 |
| 3 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 undefined where 9*x + 3 = 0 undefined where Derivative(9*x + 3, x) = 0 |
| 4 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 undefined where Derivative(9*x + 3, x) = 0 |
| 5 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 |
| 6 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 |
| 7 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 |
| answer | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | final line against the stated answer: simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 |
| answer, a second way | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | SymPy took the limit from both sides and got the stated value |
Reviewers
gpt-oss:20b: passqwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass — The solution correctly identifies the indeterminate form, applies L'Hôpital's rule, computes derivatives, and evaluates the limit. Each step applies a single rule and is labeled correctly.
Every verdict on record (4)
qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-10-03 — The solution correctly identifies the indeterminate form, applies L'Hôpital's rule, computes derivatives, and evaluates the limit. Each step applies a single rule and is labeled correctly.gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-10-03qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-30 — The solution correctly applies L'Hopital's rule to the 0/0 indeterminate form and simplifies the resulting expression accurately.gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-30
Proved: SymPy reduced the difference between the two sides to zero. Checked independently: a separate
method, named above, confirmed it. Checked numerically: the two sides agree at every sampled point, which is evidence,
not proof. Reviewed: a model or a person read it; that is all a sentence can have. Solution by
gemma4:26b, checked 2026-10-03 with SymPy 1.14.0.