Limit of \( \displaystyle \frac{\cos{\left(2 x \right)} - 1}{e^{2 x} - 1} \) as \( x \to 0 \)
Problem 1.170 · medium
Evaluate \( \displaystyle \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\cos{\left(2 x \right)} - 1}{e^{2 x} - 1} \).
- \[ \lim_{x \to 0^+}\left(\frac{\cos{\left(2 x \right)} - 1}{e^{2 x} - 1}\right) \]limitStart with the limit of the original function.✓ Proved
- \[ = \lim_{x \to 0^+}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{d x} \left(\cos{\left(2 x \right)} - 1\right)}{\frac{d}{d x} \left(e^{2 x} - 1\right)}\right) \]lhopitalApply L'Hopital's rule since the limit is an indeterminate form 0/0.✓ Proved
- \[ = \lim_{x \to 0^+}\left(- e^{- 2 x} \sin{\left(2 x \right)}\right) \]simplify simplifyCompute the derivatives. Cancel the common factor of 2.✓ Proved
- \[ = \lim_{x \to 0^+}\left(- \sin{\left(2 x \right)}\right) \left(\lim_{x \to 0^+} e^{2 x}\right)^{-1} \]limit-lawApply the quotient rule for limits.✓ Proved
- \[ = 0 \]limit simplifyEvaluate the individual limits. Final result.✓ Proved
Answer \( 0 \)
✓ Nihil obstat Every line of this solution was proved by the computer algebra system SymPy. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. Reviewers found nothing wrong with the explanation.
The full receipt
| Line | Status | Checked by | Detail |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | line 1 is the problem as stated |
| 2 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 undefined where exp(2*x) - 1 = 0 undefined where Derivative(exp(2*x) - 1, x) = 0 |
| 3 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 undefined where Derivative(exp(2*x) - 1, x) = 0 |
| 4 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 |
| 5 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 undefined where Limit(exp(2*x), x, 0, dir='+') = 0 |
| 6 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 undefined where Limit(exp(2*x), x, 0, dir='+') = 0 |
| 7 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 |
| answer | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | final line against the stated answer: simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 |
| answer, a second way | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | SymPy took the limit from both sides and got the stated value |
Reviewers
gpt-oss:20b: passqwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass — The solution correctly applies L'Hopital's rule, computes derivatives, simplifies the expression, and evaluates the limit using standard limit laws. Each step changes only one aspect of the expression and uses an appropriate label from the allowed vocabulary.
Every verdict on record (4)
qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-10-04 — The solution correctly applies L'Hopital's rule, computes derivatives, simplifies the expression, and evaluates the limit using standard limit laws. Each step changes only one aspect of the expression and uses an appropriate label from the allowed vocabulary.gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-10-04qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-10-04gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-10-04
Proved: SymPy reduced the difference between the two sides to zero. Checked independently: a separate
method, named above, confirmed it. Checked numerically: the two sides agree at every sampled point, which is evidence,
not proof. Reviewed: a model or a person read it; that is all a sentence can have. Solution by
gemma4:26b, checked 2026-10-04 with SymPy 1.14.0.