Limit of \( \displaystyle \frac{1 - \cos{\left(2 x + 1 \right)}}{2 x + 1} \) as \( x \to - \frac{1}{2} \)
Problem 1.457 · medium
Evaluate \( \displaystyle \lim_{x \to - \frac{1}{2}} \frac{1 - \cos{\left(2 x + 1 \right)}}{2 x + 1} \).
- \[ \lim_{x \to - \frac{1}{2}^+}\left(\frac{1 - \cos{\left(2 x + 1 \right)}}{2 x + 1}\right) \]limitSet up the limit at the point where the denominator is zero.✓ Proved
- \[ = \lim_{x \to - \frac{1}{2}^+} \text{NaN} \]simplifyEvaluate the numerator and denominator at x = -1/2 to identify the indeterminate form.Reviewed
- \[ = \lim_{x \to - \frac{1}{2}^+}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{d x} \left(1 - \cos{\left(2 x + 1 \right)}\right)}{\frac{d}{d x} \left(2 x + 1\right)}\right) \]lhopitalApply L'Hopital's Rule because we have a 0/0 indeterminate form.Reviewed
- \[ = \lim_{x \to - \frac{1}{2}^+} \sin{\left(2 x + 1 \right)} \]simplify simplifyCompute the derivatives of the numerator and denominator. Simplify the fraction by canceling the constant 2.✓ Proved
- \[ = 0 \]limit simplifyEvaluate the limit by substituting the point into the simplified expression. Calculate the final value.✓ Proved
Answer \( 0 \)
Lines: 6 proved, 2 reviewed. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. Reviewers found nothing wrong with the explanation.
The full receipt
| Line | Status | Checked by | Detail |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | line 1 is the problem as stated |
| 2 | Reviewed | reviewers: gpt-oss:20b, qwen3.6:27b-mlx | simplify left nan; no point in the sample was defined on both lines undefined where 2*x + 1 = 0 |
| 3 | Reviewed | reviewers: gpt-oss:20b, qwen3.6:27b-mlx | simplify left nan; no point in the sample was defined on both lines undefined where Derivative(2*x + 1, x) = 0 |
| 4 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 undefined where Derivative(2*x + 1, x) = 0 |
| 5 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 |
| 6 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 |
| 7 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 |
| answer | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | final line against the stated answer: simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 |
| answer, a second way | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | SymPy took the limit from both sides and got the stated value |
Reviewers
gpt-oss:20b: passqwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass — The solution correctly applies L'Hopital's Rule to resolve the 0/0 indeterminate form. Each step changes only one aspect of the expression (identifying form, applying rule, computing derivatives, simplifying, evaluating) and uses valid labels from the fixed vocabulary.
Every verdict on record (4)
gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-10-09qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-10-09 — The solution correctly applies L'Hopital's Rule to resolve the 0/0 indeterminate form. Each step changes only one aspect of the expression (identifying form, applying rule, computing derivatives, simplifying, evaluating) and uses valid labels from the fixed vocabulary.qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-10-09 — The solution correctly applies L'Hopital's Rule to resolve the 0/0 indeterminate form. Each step changes only one aspect of the expression and uses valid labels from the fixed vocabulary.gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-10-09
Proved: SymPy reduced the difference between the two sides to zero. Checked independently: a separate
method, named above, confirmed it. Checked numerically: the two sides agree at every sampled point, which is evidence,
not proof. Reviewed: a model or a person read it; that is all a sentence can have. Solution by
gemma4:26b, checked 2026-10-09 with SymPy 1.14.0.