∫Calc Practice

Limit of \( \displaystyle \frac{1 - \cos{\left(2 x \right)}}{4 x^{2}} \) as \( x \to 0 \)

Problem 1.378 · medium

Evaluate \( \displaystyle \lim_{x \to 0} \frac{1 - \cos{\left(2 x \right)}}{4 x^{2}} \).
  1. \[ \lim_{x \to 0^+}\left(\frac{1 - \cos{\left(2 x \right)}}{4 x^{2}}\right) \]
    limitStart with the limit of the function as x approaches 0 from the right.✓ Proved
  2. \[ = \lim_{x \to 0^+}\left(\frac{\frac{d}{d x} \left(1 - \cos{\left(2 x \right)}\right)}{\frac{d}{d x} 4 x^{2}}\right) \]
    lhopitalApply L'Hôpital's Rule because the limit is an indeterminate form of type 0/0.✓ Proved
  3. \[ = \lim_{x \to 0^+}\left(\frac{\sin{\left(2 x \right)}}{4 x}\right) \]
    simplify simplify rewriteCompute the derivatives of the numerator and denominator. Simplify the fraction by dividing both terms by 2. Rewrite the expression to isolate the fundamental trigonometric limit.✓ Proved
  4. \[ = \frac{\lim_{x \to 0^+}\left(\frac{\sin{\left(2 x \right)}}{2 x}\right)}{2} \]
    limit-lawApply the limit law for the product of a constant and a function.✓ Proved
  5. \[ = \frac{1}{2} \]
    trig-limit simplifyUse the standard limit result that sin(u)/u approaches 1 as u approaches 0. Final evaluation.✓ Proved
Answer \( \frac{1}{2} \)

✓ Nihil obstat Every line of this solution was proved by the computer algebra system SymPy. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. Reviewers found nothing wrong with the explanation.

The full receipt
LineStatusChecked byDetail
1✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0line 1 is the problem as stated
2✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
undefined where x = 0
undefined where Derivative(4*x**2, x) = 0
3✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
undefined where Derivative(4*x**2, x) = 0
undefined where x = 0
4✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
undefined where x = 0
5✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
undefined where x = 0
6✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
undefined where x = 0
7✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
undefined where x = 0
8✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
answer✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0final line against the stated answer: simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
answer, a second way✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0SymPy took the limit from both sides and got the stated value

Reviewers

  • gpt-oss:20b: pass
  • qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass
Every verdict on record (4)
  • gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-10-07
  • qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-10-07
  • gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-10-07
  • qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-10-07 — The solution correctly applies L'Hôpital's Rule and standard limit laws. Each step changes only one aspect of the expression and uses valid labels from the fixed vocabulary.

Proved: SymPy reduced the difference between the two sides to zero. Checked independently: a separate method, named above, confirmed it. Checked numerically: the two sides agree at every sampled point, which is evidence, not proof. Reviewed: a model or a person read it; that is all a sentence can have. Solution by gemma4:26b, checked 2026-10-07 with SymPy 1.14.0.