Home›Calculus 3›Second-order linear equations›Problem 6.162

Second-order linear equations

Problem 6.162 · hard

Solve \( \displaystyle y'' + 2y' + 1y = 0 \) with \( \displaystyle y(0) = -2,\ y'(0) = -2 \).

Try y = e^(mx): the characteristic equation is m² + bm + c = 0.
\[ \left(m + 1\right)^{2} = m^{2} + 2 m + 1 \]
Roots: -1.✓ Proved
A repeated root r gives y = (C₁ + C₂x)e^(rx).
Use y(0) and y'(0) to find C₁ and C₂.
\[ \left(- 4 x - 2\right) e^{- x} + 2 \frac{d}{d x} \left(- 4 x - 2\right) e^{- x} + \frac{d^{2}}{d x^{2}} \left(- 4 x - 2\right) e^{- x} = 0 \]
The solution satisfies the equation.✓ Proved
\[ -2 \]
y(0).✓ Proved
\[ -2 \]
y'(0).✓ Proved

Answer \( y = 2 \left(- 2 x - 1\right) e^{- x} \)

Lines: 4 proved, 3 not checked. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. The reviewers disagree about how one step is explained; every verdict is in the receipt.

The full receipt

Line	Status	Checked by	Detail
1	Not checked	—	a sentence; read, not computed
2	✓ Proved	sympy 1.14.0	simplify(lhs - rhs) reduced to 0
3	Not checked	—	a sentence; read, not computed
4	Not checked	—	a sentence; read, not computed
5	✓ Proved	sympy 1.14.0	simplify(lhs - rhs) reduced to 0
6	✓ Proved	sympy 1.14.0	simplify(lhs - rhs) reduced to 0
7	✓ Proved	sympy 1.14.0	simplify(lhs - rhs) reduced to 0
answer, a second way	✓ Checked independently	sympy 1.14.0 + mpmath 1.3.0	sympy.checkodesol substitutes the solution back; both initial conditions match

Reviewers

gpt-oss:20b: pass
qwen3.6:27b-mlx: fail (error) — The solution fails to explicitly solve for the constants C1 and C2. It jumps from the general form to the final answer without showing the system of equations derived from the initial conditions, making the derivation incomplete.

Every verdict on record (4)

qwen3.6:27b-mlx: fail (error) 2026-09-28 — The solution fails to explicitly solve for the constants C1 and C2. It jumps from the general form to the final answer without showing the system of equations derived from the initial conditions, making the derivation incomplete.
gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-28
qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-28 — The solution correctly identifies the repeated root, applies the standard form for repeated roots, and verifies the final answer against the differential equation and initial conditions.
gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-28

Proved: SymPy reduced the difference between the two sides to zero. Checked independently: a separate method, named above, confirmed it. Checked numerically: the two sides agree at every sampled point, which is evidence, not proof. Reviewed: a model or a person read it; that is all a sentence can have. Solution by generator:structured/second_order_linear, checked 2026-09-28 with SymPy 1.14.0.