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First-order linear equations

Problem 6.151 · hard

Solve \( \displaystyle y' + 4y = 3 e^{- 4 x} \) with \( \displaystyle y(0) = 2 \).

The equation is linear in standard form; the integrating factor is e^(∫4 dx) = e^(4x).
\[ \frac{d}{d x} Y{\left(x \right)} e^{4 x} = 4 Y{\left(x \right)} e^{4 x} + e^{4 x} \frac{d}{d x} Y{\left(x \right)} \]
Multiplying by e^(ax) turns the left side into (e^(ax) y)'.✓ Proved
\[ \int 3\, dx = 3 x \]
Integrate the right side.✓ Proved
Setting x = 0 and y = 2 fixes the constant of integration: C = 2.
\[ \left(12 x + 8\right) e^{- 4 x} + \frac{d}{d x} \left(3 x + 2\right) e^{- 4 x} = 3 e^{- 4 x} \]
The solution satisfies the equation.✓ Proved
\[ 2 \]
And the initial condition.✓ Proved

Answer \( y = \left(3 x + 2\right) e^{- 4 x} \)

Lines: 4 proved, 2 not checked. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. The reviewers disagree about how one step is explained; every verdict is in the receipt.

The full receipt

Line	Status	Checked by	Detail
1	Not checked	—	a sentence; read, not computed
2	✓ Proved	sympy 1.14.0	simplify(lhs - rhs) reduced to 0
3	✓ Proved	sympy 1.14.0	simplify(lhs - rhs) reduced to 0
4	Not checked	—	a sentence; read, not computed
5	✓ Proved	sympy 1.14.0	simplify(lhs - rhs) reduced to 0
6	✓ Proved	sympy 1.14.0	simplify(lhs - rhs) reduced to 0
answer, a second way	✓ Checked independently	sympy 1.14.0 + mpmath 1.3.0	sympy.checkodesol substitutes the solution back; y(0) matches

Reviewers

gpt-oss:20b: pass
qwen3.6:27b-mlx: fail (error) — The solution skips the crucial step of integrating the right-hand side after multiplying by the integrating factor. The RHS becomes 3*e^(4x), not 3. Integrating 3*e^(4x) yields (3/4)e^(4x), not 3x. Consequently, the derived solution is incorrect.

Every verdict on record (4)

qwen3.6:27b-mlx: fail (error) 2026-09-28 — The solution skips the crucial step of integrating the right-hand side after multiplying by the integrating factor. The RHS becomes 3*e^(4x), not 3. Integrating 3*e^(4x) yields (3/4)e^(4x), not 3x. Consequently, the derived solution is incorrect.
gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-28
qwen3.6:27b-mlx: fail (error) 2026-09-28 — The solution skips the crucial step of integrating the right-hand side (3*e^(4x)) to find the general solution y(x) = (3x + C)e^(-4x). It jumps from the integrating factor setup directly to determining the constant C, implying the particular solution form without derivation.
gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-28

Proved: SymPy reduced the difference between the two sides to zero. Checked independently: a separate method, named above, confirmed it. Checked numerically: the two sides agree at every sampled point, which is evidence, not proof. Reviewed: a model or a person read it; that is all a sentence can have. Solution by generator:structured/linear_first_order, checked 2026-09-28 with SymPy 1.14.0.