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Second-order linear equations

Problem 6.132 · medium

Solve \( \displaystyle y'' - 2y' + 1y = 0 \) with \( \displaystyle y(0) = 3,\ y'(0) = 0 \).

Try y = e^(mx): the characteristic equation is m² + bm + c = 0.
\[ \left(m - 1\right)^{2} = m^{2} - 2 m + 1 \]
Roots: 1.✓ Proved
A repeated root r gives y = (C₁ + C₂x)e^(rx).
Use y(0) and y'(0) to find C₁ and C₂.
\[ \left(3 - 3 x\right) e^{x} - 2 \frac{d}{d x} \left(3 - 3 x\right) e^{x} + \frac{d^{2}}{d x^{2}} \left(3 - 3 x\right) e^{x} = 0 \]
The solution satisfies the equation.✓ Proved
\[ 3 \]
y(0).
\[ 0 \]
y'(0).

Answer \( y = 3 \left(1 - x\right) e^{x} \)

Lines: 2 proved, 5 not checked. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. The reviewers disagree about how one step is explained; every verdict is in the receipt. How we verify

The full receipt

Line	Status	Checked by	Detail
1	Not checked	—	a sentence; read, not computed
2	✓ Proved	sympy 1.14.0	simplify(lhs - rhs) reduced to 0
3	Not checked	—	a sentence; read, not computed
4	Not checked	—	a sentence; read, not computed
5	✓ Proved	sympy 1.14.0	simplify(lhs - rhs) reduced to 0
6	Not checked	—	both sides are the same expression: the line states a value, and the working that produced it is not on the line
7	Not checked	—	both sides are the same expression: the line states a value, and the working that produced it is not on the line
answer, a second way	✓ Checked independently	sympy 1.14.0 + mpmath 1.3.0	sympy.checkodesol substitutes the solution back; both initial conditions match

Reviewers

gpt-oss:20b: pass
qwen3.6:27b-mlx: fail (error) — The characteristic equation in step 1 is stated as m² + bm + c = 0, but the coefficients b and c are not explicitly identified with the problem's coefficients (-2 and 1) before solving. While the algebra in step 2 is correct, the setup sentence is incomplete and potentially misleading regarding the mapping from the ODE to the characteristic polynomial.

Every verdict on record (6)

qwen3.6:27b-mlx: fail (error) 2026-09-28 — The characteristic equation in step 1 is stated as m² + bm + c = 0, but the coefficients b and c are not explicitly identified with the problem's coefficients (-2 and 1) before solving. While the algebra in step 2 is correct, the setup sentence is incomplete and potentially misleading regarding the mapping from the ODE to the characteristic polynomial.
gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-28
qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-27 — The solution correctly identifies the repeated root, applies the standard form for the general solution, and verifies that the specific constants satisfy both the differential equation and the initial conditions.
gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-27
qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-27 — The solution correctly identifies the repeated root, applies the standard form for the general solution, and verifies the constants satisfy the initial conditions and the differential equation.
gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-27

Proved: SymPy reduced the difference between the two sides to zero. Checked independently: a separate method, named above, confirmed it. Checked numerically: the two sides agree at every sampled point, which is evidence, not proof. Reviewed: a model or a person read it; that is all a sentence can have. Solution by generator:structured/second_order_linear, checked 2026-10-13 with SymPy 1.14.0.