Second-order linear equations
Problem 6.114 · hard
Solve \( \displaystyle y'' - 6y' + 9y = 0 \) with \( \displaystyle y(0) = -2,\ y'(0) = 3 \).
- Try y = e^(mx): the characteristic equation is m² + bm + c = 0.
- \[ \left(m - 3\right)^{2} = m^{2} - 6 m + 9 \]Roots: 3.✓ Proved
- A repeated root r gives y = (C₁ + C₂x)e^(rx).
- Use y(0) and y'(0) to find C₁ and C₂.
- \[ \left(81 x - 18\right) e^{3 x} - 6 \frac{d}{d x} \left(9 x - 2\right) e^{3 x} + \frac{d^{2}}{d x^{2}} \left(9 x - 2\right) e^{3 x} = 0 \]The solution satisfies the equation.✓ Proved
- \[ -2 \]y(0).
- \[ 3 \]y'(0).
Answer \( y = \left(9 x - 2\right) e^{3 x} \)
Lines: 2 proved, 5 not checked. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. The reviewers disagree about how one step is explained; every verdict is in the receipt. How we verify
The full receipt
| Line | Status | Checked by | Detail |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Not checked | — | a sentence; read, not computed |
| 2 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(lhs - rhs) reduced to 0 |
| 3 | Not checked | — | a sentence; read, not computed |
| 4 | Not checked | — | a sentence; read, not computed |
| 5 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(lhs - rhs) reduced to 0 |
| 6 | Not checked | — | both sides are the same expression: the line states a value, and the working that produced it is not on the line |
| 7 | Not checked | — | both sides are the same expression: the line states a value, and the working that produced it is not on the line |
| answer, a second way | ✓ Checked independently | sympy 1.14.0 + mpmath 1.3.0 | sympy.checkodesol substitutes the solution back; both initial conditions match |
Reviewers
gpt-oss:20b: fail (error) — The solution incorrectly applies the differential equation in step 5 (the expression 9*(9*x-2)*exp(3*x) is wrong), and the initial‑condition checks in steps 6 and 7 list duplicate values instead of single evaluations. These mistakes invalidate the correctness of the solution.qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass — The solution correctly identifies the repeated root, applies the standard form for the general solution, and verifies that the stated answer satisfies both the differential equation and the initial conditions.
Every verdict on record (6)
qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-27 — The solution correctly identifies the repeated root, applies the standard form for the general solution, and verifies that the stated answer satisfies both the differential equation and the initial conditions.gpt-oss:20b: fail (error) 2026-09-27 — The solution incorrectly applies the differential equation in step 5 (the expression 9*(9*x-2)*exp(3*x) is wrong), and the initial‑condition checks in steps 6 and 7 list duplicate values instead of single evaluations. These mistakes invalidate the correctness of the solution.qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-26 — The solution correctly identifies the repeated root, applies the standard form for repeated roots, and verifies the final answer against the differential equation and initial conditions.gpt-oss:20b: fail (error) 2026-09-26 — The solution incorrectly multiplies the candidate function by 9 in the differential equation check, and it never actually solves for the constants C₁ and C₂ from the initial conditions. The correct solution is (9x‑2)e^{3x}.qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-26 — The solution correctly identifies the repeated root, applies the standard form for the general solution, and verifies that the specific constants satisfy both the differential equation and the initial conditions.gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-26
Proved: SymPy reduced the difference between the two sides to zero. Checked independently: a separate
method, named above, confirmed it. Checked numerically: the two sides agree at every sampled point, which is evidence,
not proof. Reviewed: a model or a person read it; that is all a sentence can have. Solution by
generator:structured/second_order_linear, checked 2026-10-13 with SymPy 1.14.0.