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The theorem of Pappus

Problem 5.769 · medium

The disk \( \displaystyle (x - 5)^2 + y^2 \le 1 \) is rotated about the \( \displaystyle y \)-axis. Use the theorem of Pappus to find the volume of the torus.

Pappus: V = A · 2πd, where d is the distance from the centroid to the axis.
Reviewed
\[ 1^{2} \pi = \pi \]
The disk's area, πa².✓ Proved
The centroid is the center (5, 0), 5 from the axis.
Reviewed
\[ 2 \pi 5 \pi = 10 \pi^{2} \]
V = 2π·d·A.✓ Proved

Answer \( 10 \pi^{2} \)

✓ Nihil obstat Lines: 2 proved, 2 reviewed. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. Reviewers found nothing wrong with the explanation. How we verify

The full receipt

Line	Status	Checked by	Detail
1	Reviewed	reviewers: gpt-oss:20b, qwen3.6:27b-mlx	a sentence; read, not computed
2	✓ Proved	sympy 1.14.0	simplify(lhs - rhs) reduced to 0
3	Reviewed	reviewers: gpt-oss:20b, qwen3.6:27b-mlx	a sentence; read, not computed
4	✓ Proved	sympy 1.14.0	simplify(lhs - rhs) reduced to 0
answer, a second way	✓ Checked independently	sympy 1.14.0 + mpmath 1.3.0	the volume by disks or shells, numerically

Reviewers

gpt-oss:20b: pass
qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass

Every verdict on record (6)

qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-11-04
gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-11-04
qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-11-03
gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-11-03
qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-11-03
gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-11-03

Proved: SymPy reduced the difference between the two sides to zero. Checked independently: a separate method, named above, confirmed it. Checked numerically: the two sides agree at every sampled point, which is evidence, not proof. Reviewed: a model or a person read it; that is all a sentence can have. Solution by generator:structured/pappus, checked 2026-11-04 with SymPy 1.14.0.