Surface area of revolution
Problem 5.313 · medium
Find the area of the surface obtained by rotating \( \displaystyle y = \sqrt{x} \), \( \displaystyle 0 \le x \le 3 \), about the \( \displaystyle x \)-axis.
- \[ \frac{d}{d x} \sqrt{x} = \frac{1}{2 \sqrt{x}} \]y′.✓ Proved
- Rotating about the x-axis, the radius is y, so S = ∫ 2π·(radius)·√(1 + (y′)²) dx.
- \[ 2 \pi \sqrt{x} \sqrt{1 + \frac{1}{4 x}} = \pi \sqrt{x} \sqrt{4 + \frac{1}{x}} \]Simplify the integrand.✓ Proved
- \[ \int\limits_{0}^{3} \pi \sqrt{x} \sqrt{4 + \frac{1}{x}}\, dx = \frac{\pi \left(-1 + 13 \sqrt{13}\right)}{6} \]Integrate.✓ Proved
Answer \( \frac{\pi \left(-1 + 13 \sqrt{13}\right)}{6} \approx 24.0186 \)
Lines: 3 proved, 1 not checked. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. The reviewers disagree about how one step is explained; every verdict is in the receipt.
The full receipt
| Line | Status | Checked by | Detail |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(lhs - rhs) reduced to 0 |
| 2 | Not checked | — | a sentence; read, not computed |
| 3 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(lhs - rhs) reduced to 0 |
| 4 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(lhs - rhs) reduced to 0 |
| answer, a second way | ✓ Checked independently | sympy 1.14.0 + mpmath 1.3.0 | numerical quadrature of the unsimplified integrand |
Reviewers
gpt-oss:20b: fail (error) — The simplification in step 3 is incorrect: 2π·√x·√(1+1/(4x)) simplifies to (π/2)·√(4x+1), not π·√(4x+1). The missing factor of 1/2 leads to an over‑estimated surface area.qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass
Every verdict on record (4)
gpt-oss:20b: fail (error) 2026-10-06 — The simplification in step 3 is incorrect: 2π·√x·√(1+1/(4x)) simplifies to (π/2)·√(4x+1), not π·√(4x+1). The missing factor of 1/2 leads to an over‑estimated surface area.qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-10-06gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-10-06qwen3.6:27b-mlx: fail (error) 2026-10-06 — The integrand has a singularity at x=0, so the integral is improper. The solution treats it as a standard definite integral without addressing convergence or using a limit, which is mathematically incorrect.
Proved: SymPy reduced the difference between the two sides to zero. Checked independently: a separate
method, named above, confirmed it. Checked numerically: the two sides agree at every sampled point, which is evidence,
not proof. Reviewed: a model or a person read it; that is all a sentence can have. Solution by
generator:structured/surface_area_revolution, checked 2026-10-06 with SymPy 1.14.0.