Substitution with a given u
Problem 4.772 · medium
Evaluate \( \displaystyle \int 6 x e^{- x^{2}}\, dx \) using the substitution \( \displaystyle u = - x^{2} \).
- \[ \frac{d}{d x} \left(- x^{2}\right) = - 2 x \]So du = −2x dx.✓ Proved
- In terms of u the integral becomes ∫ -3*exp(u) du.Reviewed
- \[ \frac{d}{d u} \left(- 3 e^{u}\right) = - 3 e^{u} \]An antiderivative in u is -3*exp(u); differentiating confirms it.✓ Proved
- \[ - 3 e^{- x^{2}} \]Replace u by -x**2.✓ Proved
- \[ \frac{d}{d x} \left(- 3 e^{- x^{2}}\right) = 6 x e^{- x^{2}} \]Differentiating the answer returns the integrand.✓ Proved
Answer \( - 3 e^{- x^{2}} + C \)
✓ Nihil obstat Lines: 4 proved, 1 reviewed. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. Reviewers found nothing wrong with the explanation.
The full receipt
| Line | Status | Checked by | Detail |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(lhs - rhs) reduced to 0 |
| 2 | Reviewed | reviewers: gpt-oss:20b, qwen3.6:27b-mlx | a sentence; read, not computed |
| 3 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(lhs - rhs) reduced to 0 |
| 4 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(lhs - rhs) reduced to 0 |
| 5 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(lhs - rhs) reduced to 0 |
| answer, a second way | ✓ Checked independently | sympy 1.14.0 + mpmath 1.3.0 | a difference quotient of the answer matches the integrand at x = 0.4, 0.9, 1.3 |
Reviewers
gpt-oss:20b: passqwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass — The solution correctly applies the substitution method, handles the constant factor accurately, and verifies the result.
Every verdict on record (4)
gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-10-09qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-10-09 — The solution correctly applies the substitution method, handles the constant factor accurately, and verifies the result.gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-10-09qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-10-09 — The solution correctly applies the substitution method, handles the constant factor adjustment accurately, and verifies the result by differentiation.
Proved: SymPy reduced the difference between the two sides to zero. Checked independently: a separate
method, named above, confirmed it. Checked numerically: the two sides agree at every sampled point, which is evidence,
not proof. Reviewed: a model or a person read it; that is all a sentence can have. Solution by
generator:structured/indefinite_substitution, checked 2026-10-09 with SymPy 1.14.0.