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Integral of \( \displaystyle \frac{3 x}{9 x^{2} + 1} \)

Problem 4.461 · medium

Find \( \displaystyle \int \frac{3 x}{9 x^{2} + 1} \, dx \). (Omit the constant of integration.)
  1. \[ \int \frac{3 x}{9 x^{2} + 1}\, dx \]
    integralStart with the integral of the given function.✓ Proved
  2. \[ = 3 \int \frac{x}{9 x^{2} + 1}\, dx \]
    linearity rewriteFactor out the constant 3. Rewrite the numerator to match the derivative of the denominator.✓ Proved
  3. \[ = \frac{\int \frac{18 x}{9 x^{2} + 1}\, dx}{6} \]
    linearity simplifyFactor out the constant 1/18. Simplify the coefficient 3/18 to 1/6.✓ Proved
  4. \[ = \frac{\ln{\left(9 x^{2} + 1 \right)}}{6} \]
    antiderivativeIntegrate using the substitution rule for log(u).✓ Proved
Answer \( \frac{\ln{\left(9 x^{2} + 1 \right)}}{6} + C \)

✓ Nihil obstat Every line of this solution was proved by the computer algebra system SymPy. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. Reviewers found nothing wrong with the explanation.

The full receipt
LineStatusChecked byDetail
1✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0line 1 is the problem as stated
2✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
undefined where 9*x**2 + 1 = 0
3✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
undefined where 9*x**2 + 1 = 0
4✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
undefined where 9*x**2 + 1 = 0
5✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
undefined where 9*x**2 + 1 = 0
6✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
undefined where 9*x**2 + 1 = 0
log is undefined for non-positive arguments
answer✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0final line against the stated answer: simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
log is undefined for non-positive arguments
answer, a second way✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0SymPy differentiated the stated antiderivative back to the integrand

Reviewers

  • gpt-oss:20b: pass
  • qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass
Every verdict on record (4)
  • gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-10-06
  • qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-10-06
  • qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-10-06
  • gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-10-06

Proved: SymPy reduced the difference between the two sides to zero. Checked independently: a separate method, named above, confirmed it. Checked numerically: the two sides agree at every sampled point, which is evidence, not proof. Reviewed: a model or a person read it; that is all a sentence can have. Solution by gemma4:26b, checked 2026-10-06 with SymPy 1.14.0.