Business applications: cost, revenue and profit
Problem 3.651 · medium
A company's cost to make \( \displaystyle x \) units is \( \displaystyle C(x) = \frac{x^{2}}{50} + 8 x + 200 \) dollars, and each unit sells for \( \displaystyle \$28 \). Find the marginal cost at \( \displaystyle x = 10 \), and the number of units that maximizes profit, and that profit.
- \[ \left. \frac{d}{d x} \left(\frac{x^{2}}{50} + 8 x + 200\right) \right|_{\substack{ x=10 }} = \frac{42}{5} \]Marginal cost C′(10): about the cost of unit 11.✓ Proved
- \[ 28 x - \left(\frac{x^{2}}{50} + 8 x + 200\right) = - \frac{x^{2}}{50} + 20 x - 200 \]Profit = revenue − cost.✓ Proved
- \[ \frac{d}{d x} \left(- \frac{x^{2}}{50} + 20 x - 200\right) = 20 - \frac{x}{25} \]P′(x).✓ Proved
- \[ \left. 20 - \frac{x}{25} \right|_{\substack{ x=500 }} = 0 \]P′ = 0 at x = 500.✓ Proved
- \[ \frac{d^{2}}{d x^{2}} \left(- \frac{x^{2}}{50} + 20 x - 200\right) = - \frac{1}{25} \]P″ < 0: a maximum.✓ Proved
- \[ \left. 20 x + \frac{\left(-1\right) x^{2}}{50} - 200 \right|_{\substack{ x=500 }} = 4800 \]The maximum profit.✓ Proved
Answer \( C'(10) = \frac{42}{5},\ x = 500,\ P(500) = 4800 \)
Every line of this solution was proved by the computer algebra system SymPy. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. The reviewers disagree about how one step is explained; every verdict is in the receipt. How we verify
The full receipt
| Line | Status | Checked by | Detail |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(lhs - rhs) reduced to 0 |
| 2 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(lhs - rhs) reduced to 0 |
| 3 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(lhs - rhs) reduced to 0 |
| 4 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(lhs - rhs) reduced to 0 |
| 5 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(lhs - rhs) reduced to 0 |
| 6 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(lhs - rhs) reduced to 0 |
| answer, a second way | ✓ Checked independently | sympy 1.14.0 + mpmath 1.3.0 | profit tried at every whole number of units from 0 to 20000; marginal cost by a central difference |
Reviewers
gpt-oss:20b: passqwen3.6:27b-mlx: fail (misleading) — The comment in line 1 incorrectly defines marginal cost as 'about the cost of unit 11'. Marginal cost C'(10) approximates the cost of the 11th unit, not the cost of unit 11 (which is C(11)). This distinction is crucial in calculus applications.
Every verdict on record (6)
qwen3.6:27b-mlx: fail (misleading) 2026-10-17 — The comment in line 1 incorrectly defines marginal cost as 'about the cost of unit 11'. Marginal cost C'(10) approximates the cost of the 11th unit, not the cost of unit 11 (which is C(11)). This distinction is crucial in calculus applications.gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-10-17qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-10-14gpt-oss:20b: fail (misleading) 2026-10-14 — The remark that C′(10) represents “the cost of unit 11” is incorrect; marginal cost at x=10 is the instantaneous rate of change of cost at 10 units, not the cost of the next unit.qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-10-14gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-10-14
Proved: SymPy reduced the difference between the two sides to zero. Checked independently: a separate
method, named above, confirmed it. Checked numerically: the two sides agree at every sampled point, which is evidence,
not proof. Reviewed: a model or a person read it; that is all a sentence can have. Solution by
generator:structured/marginal_analysis, checked 2026-10-17 with SymPy 1.14.0.