Derivative of \( \displaystyle 5 \ln{\left(\ln{\left(x - 1 \right)} \right)} \)
Problem 2.987 · hard
Differentiate \( \displaystyle f(x) = 5 \ln{\left(\ln{\left(x - 1 \right)} \right)} \).
- \[ \frac{d}{d x} 5 \ln{\left(\ln{\left(x - 1 \right)} \right)} \]Start with the derivative of the function.✓ Proved
- \[ = 5 \frac{d}{d x} \ln{\left(\ln{\left(x - 1 \right)} \right)} \]constant-multiplePull the constant out of the derivative.✓ Proved
- \[ = \frac{5 \frac{d}{d x} \ln{\left(x - 1 \right)}}{\ln{\left(x - 1 \right)}} \]chainApply the chain rule for the outer logarithm.✓ Proved
- \[ = \frac{5}{\left(x - 1\right) \ln{\left(x - 1 \right)}} \]chain simplifyApply the chain rule for the inner logarithm. Simplify the resulting expression.✓ Proved
Answer \( \frac{5}{\left(x - 1\right) \ln{\left(x - 1 \right)}} \)
Mind the domain. The answer is also defined on (1, 2), where f(x) is not. Substituting there gives a number that is not a slope of f.
Every line of this solution was proved by the computer algebra system SymPy. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. The reviewers disagree about how one step is explained; every verdict is in the receipt.
The full receipt
| Line | Status | Checked by | Detail |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | line 1 is the problem as stated |
| 2 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 log is undefined for non-positive arguments |
| 3 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 log is undefined for non-positive arguments undefined where log(x - 1) = 0 |
| 4 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 log is undefined for non-positive arguments undefined where log(x - 1) = 0 undefined where x - 1 = 0 |
| 5 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 log is undefined for non-positive arguments undefined where x - 1 = 0 undefined where log(x - 1) = 0 |
| answer | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | final line against the stated answer: simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 log is undefined for non-positive arguments undefined where x - 1 = 0 undefined where log(x - 1) = 0 |
| answer, a second way | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | SymPy differentiated f directly and got the stated answer |
Reviewers
gpt-oss:20b: fail (error) — Step 1 lacks a proper rule label (should be "derivative"). Step 3 applies two operations—multiplication by 5 and division by log(x‑1)—in one step, violating the one‑rule‑per‑step rule. Step 4 similarly combines multiplication and division in a single step.qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass
Every verdict on record (4)
qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-27gpt-oss:20b: fail (error) 2026-09-27 — Step 1 lacks a proper rule label (should be "derivative"). Step 3 applies two operations—multiplication by 5 and division by log(x‑1)—in one step, violating the one‑rule‑per‑step rule. Step 4 similarly combines multiplication and division in a single step.qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-27gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-27
Proved: SymPy reduced the difference between the two sides to zero. Checked independently: a separate
method, named above, confirmed it. Checked numerically: the two sides agree at every sampled point, which is evidence,
not proof. Reviewed: a model or a person read it; that is all a sentence can have. Solution by
gemma4:26b, checked 2026-09-27 with SymPy 1.14.0.