Derivative of \( \displaystyle \ln{\left(\frac{e^{1 - x}}{\cos{\left(x - 1 \right)}} \right)} \)
Problem 2.906 · hard Beautiful
Differentiate \( \displaystyle f(x) = \ln{\left(\frac{e^{1 - x}}{\cos{\left(x - 1 \right)}} \right)} \).
- \[ \frac{d}{d x} \ln{\left(\frac{e^{1 - x}}{\cos{\left(x - 1 \right)}} \right)} \]derivativeStart with the derivative of the function.✓ Proved
- \[ = \frac{d}{d x} \left(- x - \ln{\left(\cos{\left(x - 1 \right)} \right)} + 1\right) \]algebra simplifyUse the property log(a/b) = log(a) - log(b). Simplify log(exp(1 - x)) to 1 - x.✓ Proved
- \[ = \frac{d}{d x} \left(1 - x\right) - \frac{d}{d x} \ln{\left(\cos{\left(x - 1 \right)} \right)} \]sumApply the linearity of the derivative.✓ Proved
- \[ = - \frac{d}{d x} \ln{\left(\cos{\left(x - 1 \right)} \right)} - 1 \]constantThe derivative of 1 - x is -1.✓ Proved
- \[ = -1 - \frac{\frac{d}{d x} \cos{\left(x - 1 \right)}}{\cos{\left(x - 1 \right)}} \]chainApply the chain rule to the second term.✓ Proved
- \[ = \frac{\sin{\left(x - 1 \right)}}{\cos{\left(x - 1 \right)}} - 1 \]trig algebraThe derivative of cos(x - 1) is -sin(x - 1). Simplify the fraction.✓ Proved
- \[ = \tan{\left(x - 1 \right)} - 1 \]trig algebraUse the identity tan(u) = sin(u)/cos(u). Rearrange the terms.✓ Proved
Answer \( \tan{\left(x - 1 \right)} - 1 \)
✓ Nihil obstat Every line of this solution was proved by the computer algebra system SymPy. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. Reviewers found nothing wrong with the explanation.
The full receipt
| Line | Status | Checked by | Detail |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | line 1 is the problem as stated |
| 2 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 log is undefined for non-positive arguments undefined where cos(x - 1) = 0 |
| 3 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 log is undefined for non-positive arguments |
| 4 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 log is undefined for non-positive arguments |
| 5 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 log is undefined for non-positive arguments |
| 6 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 log is undefined for non-positive arguments undefined where cos(x - 1) = 0 |
| 7 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 undefined where cos(x - 1) = 0 |
| 8 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 undefined where cos(x - 1) = 0 |
| 9 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 undefined where cos(x - 1) = 0 tan has poles at odd multiples of pi/2 |
| 10 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 tan has poles at odd multiples of pi/2 |
| answer | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | final line against the stated answer: simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 tan has poles at odd multiples of pi/2 |
| answer, a second way | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | SymPy differentiated f directly and got the stated answer |
Reviewers
gpt-oss:20b: passqwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass — The solution correctly applies logarithmic properties, linearity, and the chain rule. Each step isolates a single transformation and uses an appropriate label from the fixed vocabulary.
Every verdict on record (4)
qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-26 — The solution correctly applies logarithmic properties, linearity, and the chain rule. Each step isolates a single transformation and uses an appropriate label from the fixed vocabulary.gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-26qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-26 — The solution correctly applies the logarithmic properties, linearity of differentiation, and chain rule in separate, distinct steps. All labels are appropriate for the operations performed.gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-26
Proved: SymPy reduced the difference between the two sides to zero. Checked independently: a separate
method, named above, confirmed it. Checked numerically: the two sides agree at every sampled point, which is evidence,
not proof. Reviewed: a model or a person read it; that is all a sentence can have. Solution by
gemma4:26b, checked 2026-09-26 with SymPy 1.14.0.