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Derivative of \( \displaystyle \ln{\left(\frac{e^{x + 1}}{\cos{\left(x + 1 \right)}} \right)} \)

Problem 2.531 · hard Beautiful

Differentiate \( \displaystyle f(x) = \ln{\left(\frac{e^{x + 1}}{\cos{\left(x + 1 \right)}} \right)} \).
  1. \[ \frac{d}{d x} \ln{\left(\frac{e^{x + 1}}{\cos{\left(x + 1 \right)}} \right)} \]
    derivative algebraStart with the derivative of the function. Rewrite the quotient as a product.✓ Proved
  2. \[ = \frac{d}{d x} \left(x + \ln{\left(\frac{1}{\cos{\left(x + 1 \right)}} \right)} + 1\right) \]
    logarithmic logarithmicApply the logarithm product rule. Simplify log(exp(x + 1)).✓ Proved
  3. \[ = \frac{d}{d x} \left(x - \ln{\left(\cos{\left(x + 1 \right)} \right)} + 1\right) \]
    logarithmic constantApply the logarithm quotient rule. Simplify log(1) to 0.✓ Proved
  4. \[ = \frac{d}{d x} \left(x + 1\right) - \frac{d}{d x} \ln{\left(\cos{\left(x + 1 \right)} \right)} \]
    sumApply the difference rule for derivatives.✓ Proved
  5. \[ = 1 - \frac{d}{d x} \ln{\left(\cos{\left(x + 1 \right)} \right)} \]
    derivativeDifferentiate the first term.✓ Proved
  6. \[ = 1 - \frac{\frac{d}{d x} \cos{\left(x + 1 \right)}}{\cos{\left(x + 1 \right)}} \]
    chainApply the chain rule to the logarithm.✓ Proved
  7. \[ = \frac{\sin{\left(x + 1 \right)}}{\cos{\left(x + 1 \right)}} + 1 \]
    trig algebraDifferentiate the cosine function. Simplify the signs and the fraction.✓ Proved
  8. \[ = \tan{\left(x + 1 \right)} + 1 \]
    trigUse the identity tan(u) = sin(u)/cos(u).✓ Proved
Answer \( \tan{\left(x + 1 \right)} + 1 \)

✓ Nihil obstat Every line of this solution was proved by the computer algebra system SymPy. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. Reviewers found nothing wrong with the explanation.

The full receipt
LineStatusChecked byDetail
1✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0line 1 is the problem as stated
2✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
log is undefined for non-positive arguments
undefined where cos(x + 1) = 0
3✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
log is undefined for non-positive arguments
undefined where cos(x + 1) = 0
4✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
log is undefined for non-positive arguments
undefined where cos(x + 1) = 0
5✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
log is undefined for non-positive arguments
undefined where cos(x + 1) = 0
6✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
log is undefined for non-positive arguments
7✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
log is undefined for non-positive arguments
8✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
log is undefined for non-positive arguments
9✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
log is undefined for non-positive arguments
undefined where cos(x + 1) = 0
10✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
undefined where cos(x + 1) = 0
11✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
undefined where cos(x + 1) = 0
12✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
undefined where cos(x + 1) = 0
tan has poles at odd multiples of pi/2
answer✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0final line against the stated answer: simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
tan has poles at odd multiples of pi/2
answer, a second way✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0SymPy differentiated f directly and got the stated answer

Reviewers

  • gpt-oss:20b: pass
  • qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass — The solution correctly applies logarithmic properties to simplify the function before differentiating, and each step adheres to the single-rule constraint with appropriate labels.
Every verdict on record (6)
  • qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-21 — The solution correctly applies logarithmic properties to simplify the function before differentiating, and each step adheres to the single-rule constraint with appropriate labels.
  • gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-21
  • qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-20
  • gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-20
  • qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-20 — The solution correctly applies logarithmic properties to simplify the expression before differentiating, and each step adheres to the single-rule constraint with appropriate labels.
  • gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-20

Proved: SymPy reduced the difference between the two sides to zero. Checked independently: a separate method, named above, confirmed it. Checked numerically: the two sides agree at every sampled point, which is evidence, not proof. Reviewed: a model or a person read it; that is all a sentence can have. Solution by gemma4:26b, checked 2026-09-26 with SymPy 1.14.0.