Derivative of \( \displaystyle \ln{\left(\frac{e^{x + 1}}{\cos{\left(x + 1 \right)}} \right)} \)
Problem 2.531 · hard Beautiful
Differentiate \( \displaystyle f(x) = \ln{\left(\frac{e^{x + 1}}{\cos{\left(x + 1 \right)}} \right)} \).
- \[ \frac{d}{d x} \ln{\left(\frac{e^{x + 1}}{\cos{\left(x + 1 \right)}} \right)} \]derivative algebraStart with the derivative of the function. Rewrite the quotient as a product.✓ Proved
- \[ = \frac{d}{d x} \left(x + \ln{\left(\frac{1}{\cos{\left(x + 1 \right)}} \right)} + 1\right) \]logarithmic logarithmicApply the logarithm product rule. Simplify log(exp(x + 1)).✓ Proved
- \[ = \frac{d}{d x} \left(x - \ln{\left(\cos{\left(x + 1 \right)} \right)} + 1\right) \]logarithmic constantApply the logarithm quotient rule. Simplify log(1) to 0.✓ Proved
- \[ = \frac{d}{d x} \left(x + 1\right) - \frac{d}{d x} \ln{\left(\cos{\left(x + 1 \right)} \right)} \]sumApply the difference rule for derivatives.✓ Proved
- \[ = 1 - \frac{d}{d x} \ln{\left(\cos{\left(x + 1 \right)} \right)} \]derivativeDifferentiate the first term.✓ Proved
- \[ = 1 - \frac{\frac{d}{d x} \cos{\left(x + 1 \right)}}{\cos{\left(x + 1 \right)}} \]chainApply the chain rule to the logarithm.✓ Proved
- \[ = \frac{\sin{\left(x + 1 \right)}}{\cos{\left(x + 1 \right)}} + 1 \]trig algebraDifferentiate the cosine function. Simplify the signs and the fraction.✓ Proved
- \[ = \tan{\left(x + 1 \right)} + 1 \]trigUse the identity tan(u) = sin(u)/cos(u).✓ Proved
Answer \( \tan{\left(x + 1 \right)} + 1 \)
✓ Nihil obstat Every line of this solution was proved by the computer algebra system SymPy. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. Reviewers found nothing wrong with the explanation.
The full receipt
| Line | Status | Checked by | Detail |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | line 1 is the problem as stated |
| 2 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 log is undefined for non-positive arguments undefined where cos(x + 1) = 0 |
| 3 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 log is undefined for non-positive arguments undefined where cos(x + 1) = 0 |
| 4 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 log is undefined for non-positive arguments undefined where cos(x + 1) = 0 |
| 5 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 log is undefined for non-positive arguments undefined where cos(x + 1) = 0 |
| 6 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 log is undefined for non-positive arguments |
| 7 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 log is undefined for non-positive arguments |
| 8 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 log is undefined for non-positive arguments |
| 9 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 log is undefined for non-positive arguments undefined where cos(x + 1) = 0 |
| 10 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 undefined where cos(x + 1) = 0 |
| 11 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 undefined where cos(x + 1) = 0 |
| 12 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 undefined where cos(x + 1) = 0 tan has poles at odd multiples of pi/2 |
| answer | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | final line against the stated answer: simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 tan has poles at odd multiples of pi/2 |
| answer, a second way | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | SymPy differentiated f directly and got the stated answer |
Reviewers
gpt-oss:20b: passqwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass — The solution correctly applies logarithmic properties to simplify the function before differentiating, and each step adheres to the single-rule constraint with appropriate labels.
Every verdict on record (6)
qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-21 — The solution correctly applies logarithmic properties to simplify the function before differentiating, and each step adheres to the single-rule constraint with appropriate labels.gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-21qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-20gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-20qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-20 — The solution correctly applies logarithmic properties to simplify the expression before differentiating, and each step adheres to the single-rule constraint with appropriate labels.gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-20
Proved: SymPy reduced the difference between the two sides to zero. Checked independently: a separate
method, named above, confirmed it. Checked numerically: the two sides agree at every sampled point, which is evidence,
not proof. Reviewed: a model or a person read it; that is all a sentence can have. Solution by
gemma4:26b, checked 2026-09-26 with SymPy 1.14.0.