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Derivative of \( \displaystyle \ln{\left(\frac{\sqrt{9 x^{2} - 1}}{\sqrt{1 - 9 x^{2}}} \right)} \)

Problem 2.349 · hard Beautiful

Differentiate \( \displaystyle f(x) = \ln{\left(\frac{\sqrt{9 x^{2} - 1}}{\sqrt{1 - 9 x^{2}}} \right)} \).
  1. \[ \frac{d}{d x} \ln{\left(\frac{\sqrt{9 x^{2} - 1}}{\sqrt{1 - 9 x^{2}}} \right)} \]
    derivativeStart with the derivative of the function.✓ Proved
  2. \[ = \frac{d}{d x} \left(- \ln{\left(\sqrt{1 - 9 x^{2}} \right)} + \ln{\left(\sqrt{9 x^{2} - 1} \right)}\right) \]
    simplify rewriteUse the property log(a/b) = log(a) - log(b). Rewrite the square roots as exponents.✓ Proved
  3. \[ = \frac{d}{d x} \left(- \frac{\ln{\left(1 - 9 x^{2} \right)}}{2} + \frac{\ln{\left(9 x^{2} - 1 \right)}}{2}\right) \]
    constant-multiplePull out the constant factor 1/2.✓ Proved
  4. \[ = - \frac{\frac{d}{d x} \ln{\left(1 - 9 x^{2} \right)}}{2} + \frac{\frac{d}{d x} \ln{\left(9 x^{2} - 1 \right)}}{2} \]
    sumApply the derivative to each term separately.✓ Proved
  5. \[ = \frac{\frac{d}{d x} \left(9 x^{2} - 1\right)}{2 \left(9 x^{2} - 1\right)} - \frac{\frac{d}{d x} \left(1 - 9 x^{2}\right)}{2 \left(1 - 9 x^{2}\right)} \]
    logarithmicApply the chain rule for the logarithm.✓ Proved
  6. \[ = \frac{9 x}{9 x^{2} - 1} + \frac{9 x}{1 - 9 x^{2}} \]
    derivative algebraDifferentiate the inner polynomial terms. Simplify the products of the fractions.✓ Proved
  7. \[ = 0 \]
    algebra simplifyRewrite the second term to have a common denominator. The terms cancel out to zero.✓ Proved
Answer \( 0 \)

Every line of this solution was proved by the computer algebra system SymPy. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. The reviewers disagree about how one step is explained; every verdict is in the receipt.

The full receipt
LineStatusChecked byDetail
1✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0line 1 is the problem as stated
2✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
log is undefined for non-positive arguments
undefined where 1 - 9*x**2 = 0
3✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
log is undefined for non-positive arguments
4✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
log is undefined for non-positive arguments
5✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
log is undefined for non-positive arguments
6✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
log is undefined for non-positive arguments
undefined where 1 - 9*x**2 = 0
undefined where 9*x**2 - 1 = 0
7✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
undefined where 1 - 9*x**2 = 0
undefined where 9*x**2 - 1 = 0
8✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
undefined where 1 - 9*x**2 = 0
undefined where 9*x**2 - 1 = 0
9✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
undefined where 1 - 9*x**2 = 0
undefined where 9*x**2 - 1 = 0
10✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
answer✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0final line against the stated answer: simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
answer, a second way✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0SymPy differentiated f directly and got the stated answer

Reviewers

  • gpt-oss:20b: fail (error) — Step 8 incorrectly changes the sign of the second term. The derivative of the second logarithm gives -9*x/(1-9*x**2), which is equivalent to +9*x/(9*x**2-1), not +9*x/(1-9*x**2). This sign error propagates to step 9 and invalidates the final result.
  • deepseek-r1:70b: pass
  • qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass — The solution correctly applies logarithmic properties, the chain rule, and algebraic simplification. Each step isolates a single transformation, and the labels accurately reflect the operations performed.
Every verdict on record (13)
  • qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-20 — The solution correctly applies logarithmic properties, the chain rule, and algebraic simplification. Each step isolates a single transformation, and the labels accurately reflect the operations performed.
  • gpt-oss:20b: fail (error) 2026-09-20 — Step 8 incorrectly changes the sign of the second term. The derivative of the second logarithm gives -9*x/(1-9*x**2), which is equivalent to +9*x/(9*x**2-1), not +9*x/(1-9*x**2). This sign error propagates to step 9 and invalidates the final result.
  • qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-20 — The solution correctly applies logarithmic properties, the chain rule, and algebraic simplification to show the derivative is zero. Each step adheres to the single-rule constraint and uses valid labels from the vocabulary.
  • gpt-oss:20b: fail (error) 2026-09-20 — Step 8 incorrectly changes the sign of the second term; it should be -9*x/(1-9*x**2) rather than +9*x/(1-9*x**2). This propagates a wrong cancellation in step 9 and leads to an incorrect final result.
  • qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-19 — The solution correctly applies logarithmic properties and differentiation rules step-by-step. Each step isolates a single transformation, and the labels accurately reflect the operations performed.
  • deepseek-r1:70b: pass 2026-09-19
  • gpt-oss:20b: fail (error) 2026-09-19 — Step 8 incorrectly changes the sign of the second term; the derivative of the second logarithm yields a negative contribution, so the final result is not zero.
  • qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-19 — The solution correctly applies logarithmic properties and differentiation rules step-by-step. Each step isolates a single transformation, and the labels accurately reflect the operations performed.
  • deepseek-r1:70b: pass 2026-09-19
  • gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-19
  • qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-18 — The solution correctly applies differentiation rules step-by-step, adhering to the one-change-per-step constraint. The labels accurately reflect the operations performed, and the final result is correct.
  • deepseek-r1:70b: pass 2026-09-18
  • gpt-oss:20b: fail (error) 2026-09-18 — In step 8 the sign of the second term is incorrect: 1/2*(1/(1-9x²)*(-18x)) = -9x/(1-9x²), not +9x/(1-9x²). This propagates a wrong algebraic simplification and leads to an incorrect final result.

Proved: SymPy reduced the difference between the two sides to zero. Checked independently: a separate method, named above, confirmed it. Checked numerically: the two sides agree at every sampled point, which is evidence, not proof. Reviewed: a model or a person read it; that is all a sentence can have. Solution by gemma4:26b, checked 2026-09-26 with SymPy 1.14.0.