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Derivative of \( \displaystyle - \frac{2 \ln{\left(\cot{\left(3 x - 1 \right)} + \csc{\left(3 x - 1 \right)} \right)}}{3} \)

Problem 2.206 · hard

Differentiate \( \displaystyle f(x) = - \frac{2 \ln{\left(\cot{\left(3 x - 1 \right)} + \csc{\left(3 x - 1 \right)} \right)}}{3} \).
  1. \[ \frac{d}{d x} \left(- \frac{2 \ln{\left(\cot{\left(3 x - 1 \right)} + \csc{\left(3 x - 1 \right)} \right)}}{3}\right) \]
    constant-multipleStart with the derivative of the function.✓ Proved
  2. \[ = - \frac{2 \frac{d}{d x} \ln{\left(\cot{\left(3 x - 1 \right)} + \csc{\left(3 x - 1 \right)} \right)}}{3} \]
    constant-multiplePull out the constant factor.✓ Proved
  3. \[ = - \frac{2 \frac{d}{d x} \left(\cot{\left(3 x - 1 \right)} + \csc{\left(3 x - 1 \right)}\right)}{3 \left(\cot{\left(3 x - 1 \right)} + \csc{\left(3 x - 1 \right)}\right)} \]
    chainApply the chain rule for the logarithm.✓ Proved
  4. \[ = - \frac{2 \left(\frac{d}{d x} \cot{\left(3 x - 1 \right)} + \frac{d}{d x} \csc{\left(3 x - 1 \right)}\right)}{3 \left(\cot{\left(3 x - 1 \right)} + \csc{\left(3 x - 1 \right)}\right)} \]
    sumApply the sum rule to the inner terms.✓ Proved
  5. \[ = - \frac{2 \left(- \cot{\left(3 x - 1 \right)} \csc{\left(3 x - 1 \right)} \frac{d}{d x} \left(3 x - 1\right) - \csc^{2}{\left(3 x - 1 \right)} \frac{d}{d x} \left(3 x - 1\right)\right)}{3 \left(\cot{\left(3 x - 1 \right)} + \csc{\left(3 x - 1 \right)}\right)} \]
    trigDifferentiate the trigonometric functions.✓ Proved
  6. \[ = - \frac{2 \left(- 3 \cot{\left(3 x - 1 \right)} \csc{\left(3 x - 1 \right)} - 3 \csc^{2}{\left(3 x - 1 \right)}\right)}{3 \left(\cot{\left(3 x - 1 \right)} + \csc{\left(3 x - 1 \right)}\right)} \]
    chain algebraDifferentiate the inner linear function 3x - 1. Factor out the common term 3.✓ Proved
  7. \[ = \frac{2 \cot{\left(3 x - 1 \right)} \csc{\left(3 x - 1 \right)} + 2 \csc^{2}{\left(3 x - 1 \right)}}{\cot{\left(3 x - 1 \right)} + \csc{\left(3 x - 1 \right)}} \]
    simplifySimplify the expression by canceling terms.✓ Proved
  8. \[ = 2 \csc{\left(3 x - 1 \right)} \]
    algebra simplifyFactor out csc(3*x - 1) in the numerator. Cancel the common factor in the numerator and denominator.✓ Proved
Answer \( \frac{2}{\sin{\left(3 x - 1 \right)}} \)
Mind the domain. The answer is also defined at points where f(x) is not. Substituting there gives a number that is not a slope of f.

✓ Nihil obstat Every line of this solution was proved by the computer algebra system SymPy. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. Reviewers found nothing wrong with the explanation.

The full receipt
LineStatusChecked byDetail
1✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0line 1 is the problem as stated
2✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
log is undefined for non-positive arguments
csc has poles at multiples of pi
cot has poles at multiples of pi
3✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
log is undefined for non-positive arguments
csc has poles at multiples of pi
cot has poles at multiples of pi
undefined where cot(3*x - 1) + csc(3*x - 1) = 0
4✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
csc has poles at multiples of pi
cot has poles at multiples of pi
undefined where cot(3*x - 1) + csc(3*x - 1) = 0
5✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
csc has poles at multiples of pi
cot has poles at multiples of pi
undefined where cot(3*x - 1) + csc(3*x - 1) = 0
6✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
csc has poles at multiples of pi
cot has poles at multiples of pi
undefined where cot(3*x - 1) + csc(3*x - 1) = 0
7✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
csc has poles at multiples of pi
cot has poles at multiples of pi
undefined where cot(3*x - 1) + csc(3*x - 1) = 0
8✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
csc has poles at multiples of pi
cot has poles at multiples of pi
undefined where cot(3*x - 1) + csc(3*x - 1) = 0
9✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
csc has poles at multiples of pi
cot has poles at multiples of pi
undefined where cot(3*x - 1) + csc(3*x - 1) = 0
10✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
csc has poles at multiples of pi
answer✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0final line against the stated answer: simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
undefined where sin(3*x - 1) = 0
answer, a second way✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0SymPy differentiated f directly and got the stated answer

Reviewers

  • gpt-oss:20b: pass
  • deepseek-r1:70b: pass
  • qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass
Every verdict on record (12)
  • qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-20
  • gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-20
  • qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-20 — The solution correctly applies the chain rule, sum rule, and trigonometric derivatives in separate steps. The algebraic simplifications are valid and clearly labeled.
  • gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-20
  • qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-19
  • deepseek-r1:70b: pass 2026-09-19
  • gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-19
  • qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-18
  • deepseek-r1:70b: pass 2026-09-18
  • gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-18
  • gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-17
  • deepseek-r1:70b: pass 2026-09-17

Proved: SymPy reduced the difference between the two sides to zero. Checked independently: a separate method, named above, confirmed it. Checked numerically: the two sides agree at every sampled point, which is evidence, not proof. Reviewed: a model or a person read it; that is all a sentence can have. Solution by gemma4:26b, checked 2026-09-26 with SymPy 1.14.0.