∫Calc Practice
Home›Calculus 1›Chain rule›Problem 2.197

Derivative of \( \displaystyle - 3 \ln{\left(\cos{\left(x \right)} \right)} \)

Problem 2.197 · hard

Differentiate \( \displaystyle f(x) = - 3 \ln{\left(\cos{\left(x \right)} \right)} \).
  1. \[ \frac{d}{d x} \left(- 3 \ln{\left(\cos{\left(x \right)} \right)}\right) \]
    derivativeStart with the derivative of the function.✓ Proved
  2. \[ = - 3 \frac{d}{d x} \ln{\left(\cos{\left(x \right)} \right)} \]
    constant-multiplePull the constant out of the derivative.✓ Proved
  3. \[ = - \frac{3 \frac{d}{d x} \cos{\left(x \right)}}{\cos{\left(x \right)}} \]
    chainApply the chain rule for the logarithm.✓ Proved
  4. \[ = \frac{3 \sin{\left(x \right)}}{\cos{\left(x \right)}} \]
    derivative algebraDifferentiate the inner function cos(x). Simplify the signs and the fraction.✓ Proved
  5. \[ = 3 \tan{\left(x \right)} \]
    simplifyUse the identity sin(x)/cos(x) = tan(x).✓ Proved
Answer \( 3 \tan{\left(x \right)} \)
Mind the domain. The answer is also defined at points where f(x) is not. Substituting there gives a number that is not a slope of f.

✓ Nihil obstat Every line of this solution was proved by the computer algebra system SymPy. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. Reviewers found nothing wrong with the explanation.

The full receipt
LineStatusChecked byDetail
1✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0line 1 is the problem as stated
2✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
log is undefined for non-positive arguments
3✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
log is undefined for non-positive arguments
undefined where cos(x) = 0
4✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
undefined where cos(x) = 0
5✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
undefined where cos(x) = 0
6✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
undefined where cos(x) = 0
tan has poles at odd multiples of pi/2
answer✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0final line against the stated answer: simplify(a - b) reduced to 0
tan has poles at odd multiples of pi/2
answer, a second way✓ Provedsympy 1.14.0SymPy differentiated f directly and got the stated answer

Reviewers

  • gpt-oss:20b: pass
  • deepseek-r1:70b: pass
  • qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass
Every verdict on record (15)
  • qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-20
  • gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-20
  • qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-20
  • gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-20
  • qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-19
  • deepseek-r1:70b: pass 2026-09-19
  • gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-19
  • qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-19
  • deepseek-r1:70b: pass 2026-09-19
  • gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-19
  • qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-18
  • deepseek-r1:70b: pass 2026-09-18
  • gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-18
  • gpt-oss:20b: fail 2026-09-17 — The solution ignores the domain restriction that log(cos(x)) is defined only for cos(x)>0; the derivative 3*tan(x) is valid only where cos(x)>0.
  • deepseek-r1:70b: pass 2026-09-17

Proved: SymPy reduced the difference between the two sides to zero. Checked independently: a separate method, named above, confirmed it. Checked numerically: the two sides agree at every sampled point, which is evidence, not proof. Reviewed: a model or a person read it; that is all a sentence can have. Solution by gemma4:26b, checked 2026-09-26 with SymPy 1.14.0.