Derivative of \( \displaystyle - \frac{\ln{\left(\frac{1}{\cos^{2}{\left(2 x + 2 \right)}} \right)}}{4} \)
Problem 2.122 · hard
Differentiate \( \displaystyle f(x) = - \frac{\ln{\left(\frac{1}{\cos^{2}{\left(2 x + 2 \right)}} \right)}}{4} \).
- \[ \frac{d}{d x} \left(- \frac{\ln{\left(\frac{1}{\cos^{2}{\left(2 x + 2 \right)}} \right)}}{4}\right) \]derivativeStart with the derivative of the function.✓ Proved
- \[ = - \frac{\frac{d}{d x} \ln{\left(\frac{1}{\cos^{2}{\left(2 x + 2 \right)}} \right)}}{4} \]constant-multiplePull out the constant factor.✓ Proved
- \[ = - \frac{\cos^{2}{\left(2 x + 2 \right)} \frac{d}{d x} \frac{1}{\cos^{2}{\left(2 x + 2 \right)}}}{4} \]logarithmic algebraApply the chain rule for the natural logarithm. Simplify the reciprocal of the negative power.✓ Proved
- \[ = \frac{\frac{d}{d x} \cos{\left(2 x + 2 \right)}}{2 \cos{\left(2 x + 2 \right)}} \]powerApply the power rule to the inner function.✓ Proved
- \[ = - \frac{\sin{\left(2 x + 2 \right)} \frac{d}{d x} \left(2 x + 2\right)}{2 \cos{\left(2 x + 2 \right)}} \]trigApply the chain rule to the cosine function.✓ Proved
- \[ = - \frac{\sin{\left(2 x + 2 \right)}}{\cos{\left(2 x + 2 \right)}} \]derivative algebra algebra simplify algebraDifferentiate the innermost linear function. Simplify the signs and constants inside the expression. Combine the constant and the powers of cosine. Simplify the final expression. Rewrite the negative exponent as a fraction.✓ Proved
- \[ = - \tan{\left(2 x + 2 \right)} \]trigUse the definition of the tangent function.✓ Proved
Answer \( - \tan{\left(2 x + 2 \right)} \)
Mind the domain. The answer is also defined at points where f(x) is not. Substituting there gives a number that is not a slope of f.
✓ Nihil obstat Every line of this solution was proved by the computer algebra system SymPy. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. Reviewers found nothing wrong with the explanation.
The full receipt
| Line | Status | Checked by | Detail |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | line 1 is the problem as stated |
| 2 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 log is undefined for non-positive arguments undefined where cos(2*x + 2) = 0 |
| 3 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 log is undefined for non-positive arguments undefined where cos(2*x + 2) = 0 |
| 4 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 undefined where cos(2*x + 2) = 0 |
| 5 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 undefined where cos(2*x + 2) = 0 |
| 6 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 undefined where cos(2*x + 2) = 0 |
| 7 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 undefined where cos(2*x + 2) = 0 |
| 8 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 undefined where cos(2*x + 2) = 0 |
| 9 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 undefined where cos(2*x + 2) = 0 |
| 10 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 undefined where cos(2*x + 2) = 0 |
| 11 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 undefined where cos(2*x + 2) = 0 |
| 12 | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 undefined where cos(2*x + 2) = 0 tan has poles at odd multiples of pi/2 |
| answer | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | final line against the stated answer: simplify(a - b) reduced to 0 tan has poles at odd multiples of pi/2 |
| answer, a second way | ✓ Proved | sympy 1.14.0 | SymPy differentiated f directly and got the stated answer |
Reviewers
gpt-oss:20b: passdeepseek-r1:70b: passqwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass
Every verdict on record (15)
qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-20gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-20qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-20 — The solution correctly applies differentiation rules step-by-step, adhering to the one-change-per-step constraint. The labels used are appropriate for the operations performed.gpt-oss:20b: fail (style) 2026-09-20 — Step 9 combines two algebraic simplifications (constant multiplication and exponent addition) in a single step, violating the one-rule-per-step rule.qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-19deepseek-r1:70b: pass 2026-09-19gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-19qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-19deepseek-r1:70b: pass 2026-09-19gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-19qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-09-18deepseek-r1:70b: pass 2026-09-18gpt-oss:20b: fail (style) 2026-09-18 — Step 5 applies both the power rule and the chain rule in one step but labels only "power". Each step must change only one thing and name the exact rule used.gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-09-17deepseek-r1:70b: pass 2026-09-17
Proved: SymPy reduced the difference between the two sides to zero. Checked independently: a separate
method, named above, confirmed it. Checked numerically: the two sides agree at every sampled point, which is evidence,
not proof. Reviewed: a model or a person read it; that is all a sentence can have. Solution by
gemma4:26b, checked 2026-09-26 with SymPy 1.14.0.