Home›Calculus 3›Normal lines and normal vectors to surfaces›Problem 10.600

Normal lines and normal vectors to surfaces

Problem 10.600 · medium

Find a normal vector and the normal line to the surface \( \displaystyle - x^{3} - y + z = -2 \) at \( \displaystyle (1, 2, 1) \).

\[ \left. - x^{3} - y + z \right|_{\substack{ x=1\\ y=2\\ z=1 }} = -2 \]
The point is on the surface.✓ Proved
\[ \left[\begin{matrix}\left. \frac{\partial}{\partial x} \left(- x^{3} - y + z\right) \right|_{\substack{ x=1\\ y=2\\ z=1 }}\\\left. \frac{\partial}{\partial y} \left(- x^{3} - y + z\right) \right|_{\substack{ x=1\\ y=2\\ z=1 }}\\\left. \frac{\partial}{\partial z} \left(- x^{3} - y + z\right) \right|_{\substack{ x=1\\ y=2\\ z=1 }}\end{matrix}\right] = \left[\begin{matrix}-3\\-1\\1\end{matrix}\right] \]
∇F at the point is normal to the level surface.✓ Proved
\[ \left[\begin{matrix}\left. 1 - 3 t \right|_{\substack{ t=0 }}\\\left. 2 - t \right|_{\substack{ t=0 }}\\\left. t + 1 \right|_{\substack{ t=0 }}\end{matrix}\right] = \left[\begin{matrix}1\\2\\1\end{matrix}\right] \]
The line r(t) = P + t∇F passes through P at t = 0.✓ Proved

Answer \( \mathbf n = \left\langle -3, -1, 1 \right\rangle,\quad \mathbf r(t) = \left\langle 1 - 3 t, 2 - t, t + 1 \right\rangle \)

✓ Nihil obstat Every line of this solution was proved by the computer algebra system SymPy. The answer was also checked a second way, without looking at the solution. Reviewers found nothing wrong with the explanation. How we verify

The full receipt

Line	Status	Checked by	Detail
1	✓ Proved	sympy 1.14.0	simplify(lhs - rhs) reduced to 0
2	✓ Proved	sympy 1.14.0	simplify(lhs - rhs) reduced to 0
3	✓ Proved	sympy 1.14.0	simplify(lhs - rhs) reduced to 0
answer, a second way	✓ Checked independently	sympy 1.14.0 + mpmath 1.3.0	the claimed normal is parallel to a finite-difference gradient

Reviewers

gpt-oss:20b: pass
qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass

Every verdict on record (6)

qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-10-17
gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-10-17
qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-10-15
gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-10-15
qwen3.6:27b-mlx: pass 2026-10-14
gpt-oss:20b: pass 2026-10-14

Proved: SymPy reduced the difference between the two sides to zero. Checked independently: a separate method, named above, confirmed it. Checked numerically: the two sides agree at every sampled point, which is evidence, not proof. Reviewed: a model or a person read it; that is all a sentence can have. Solution by generator:structured/normal_line, checked 2026-10-17 with SymPy 1.14.0.